Wheat            

                      ( Cereals Crop ) 

Botanical Name : Triticum aestivum 

Family                : Gramineae Or Poaceae

Origin                 : Central Asia or  Afghanistan 

king of cereals 

Wheat is the cereal grain crop , the cultivation is start around 9000 years back.

A. P. Condolle also gave explanation is his book '' Origin of crop plant'' 

He wrote in his book Original home of wheat is mesopotamia. and india also may home of some from of wheat.

Wheat belong to Genus Triticum with 18 species and on the basis  of chromosome number the crop of wheat divided in the type.

Most Critical stage for irrigation : CRI Stage ( 21 Days ) 


1. Diploid   2. Tatraploid    3. Hexaploid 

(Chromosome no -14)  ( Chromosome no - 28 )    (Chromosome no. -42 )

T. Sperococum     T. Durum    T. Aestivem (beard wheat)

T. Monoco      T. Turgidum      T. Compectum ( cack pest)

                            T. Dicocum 



Some impotant species in india are 

T. aestivum    T. dicocccum and T. durum

( most cultivated)  



  ROOT SYSTEM OF WHEAT 

1. Seminal Roots : Temporary roots, responsible for nourishment of the plants during early stage of crop. 

2. Crown Roots : Permanent roots, appeared 20 -22 days after sowing ( CRI stage ).

> Optimum depth of sowing : 5 cm 

> Did you know ? 

Mexican varieties do not emerge when they are sown deep. 

Mexican wheat give higher yields compared to tall varieties only when they are sown at depth of 4 cm. 

>Chapati making / baking quality of wheat is affected by: Gluten content 

> Triple gene dwarf varieties of wheat were released during : 1970 ( Heera, Moti, Lal badshah) 

> Shelling % of wheat : 60% 

> Central Zig zag axis of wheat is called : Rachis 

>Fruit type of Wheat ( grain ) : Caryopsis 

> The concept of supper Wheat is given by : S. Nagrajan

> 1st man made cereal , tritical is a cross of :  WHEAT cross RYE ( by Rhimpus 1890) 

> Protein content in wheat : 8 to 11%

>Common Herbicide to control Wheat weed is : 2,4-D 

> Primary / temporary roots in Wheat : Seminal root 

Most common crop intercropped with wheat is Mustard , recommend Ratio for Wheat : Mustard intercropping is : 9:1 

Mexican varities were red colored grains while indian & its Cross are amber Colored. 

The variety which contributed more production during Green Revolution : HD 2329 ( early maturing 126 to 134 days ) 

. Did you know ? Wheat is C3, long day plant.

Flowering portion of Wheat is called : Ear / Head/ Spike 

Test weight of wheat : 40gm 

If there are only 3 irrigations, it will be applied: 

1. CRI stage 

2. Late Jointing Stage 

3. Milking Stage 

> Mutant Varieties of wheat :

1. Shaebati sonara

2.Pusa lerma 

>Biofortified Varieties of wheat: 

1. WB 02 ( zinc & iron rich variety ) 

2. HPBW 01 ( zinc& iron rich variety )

> Gene responsible for dwarfness in wheat : Norin 10 

> important mimicary weed of Wheat : Phalaris minor. 

                                                                        Triticum spp: 

  T. aestivum                           2n =42 : Mexican dwarf Wheat ( 87%) 

  T. Vulgare                             2n = 42 : Tall Wheat 

  T. durum                               2n =28 :   Marconi Wheat 

  T. dicoccum                          2n = 28 :  Emmer wheat 

  T. sphrococcum                     2n =14 : Indian dwarf wheat 

  T. monococcum                    2n= 14 Einkorm wheat 




                                                                   CULTIVATION 

>India, pakistan , Aastalia, China, Kanada

>maximum production of wheat in india is 

> Utter pradesh, Bihar, Punjab, Jharkhand, haryana, Madhyapadesh, 

>Mostly grow in Temprate but some grown in tropical region.

>Sown   : October - November 

>Soil      : Loam soil /4-5 irrigation 


>Improved variety 

Kalyan sona , Janak, Pratap , Sonalika, Larmarajo, Sharbati, Sonara


USE OF WHEAT 

1. Use in flour. 

2. Use og  wheat straw in animal fooder.

3. Wheat also use for making the wine and alcoholic sustance.